Within a span of 25 years, from 1995 to December 2020, in order to reduce fiscal costs:

• 79 countries increased the contribution rate in their PAYGO programs (example: Croatia, Egypt, Netherlands, Norway)
• 62 increased the retirement age (example: Egypt, Netherlands, United Kingdom)
• 62 adjusted the benefits formula or reduced the benefits plan (example: Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Italy)

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