In the latest edition of this report, we highlight that within a span of 28 years, between 1995 and December 2023, with the aim of reducing fiscal costs:

• 83 countries increased the contribution rate in their pay-as-you-go pension programs (recent examples: Spain, United Arab Emirates)
• 67 increased retirement age (recent examples: France, Romania, United Arab Emirates)
• 69 adjusted the benefit formula or decreased benefits plan (recent examples: Cuba, Romania, United Arab Emirates)