In the latest edition of this report, we highlight that within a span of 28 and a half years, between 1995 and June 2024, with the aim of reducing fiscal costs of public PAYGO systems:

• 85 countries increased the contribution rate (recent examples: Irak, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela)
• 67 increased retirement age (recent examples: United Arab Emirates, France, Romania)
• 70 adjusted the benefit formula or decreased benefits plan (recent examples: Cuba, United Arab Emirates, Irak)